The modern state of Pakistan was established on 14 August 1947, but the region it encompasses has an extensive history that overlaps with the histories of Ancient India, Iran and Afghanistan. Pakistan is home to the oldest Asian civilisation (and one of the oldest in the world after Mesopotamia and Egypt), Indus Valley Civilization (2500 BC - 1500 BC). Waves of invaders and migrants settled down in Pakistan through out the centuries, influencing the locals and being absorbed among them.

The modern day Pakistan consists of four major parts called provinces Punjab, Sind, Balochistan and NWFP.Modern Pakistan is a country that has, Harappan, Aryan, Persian, Greek, Saka, Parthian, Kushan, White Hun, Afghan, Arab, Turkic, and Mughal heritage. Officially, the nation was founded as the Dominion of Pakistan in 1947, and was renamed as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1957. The i was later added to the name since in Urdu, the national language of Pakistan, 'istan' refers to 'land of' while 'pak' means pure. It was coined in 1933 by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, who published it in the pamphlet Now or Never as an acronym of the names of the 'Muslim homelands' of western India - P for Punjab, A for Afghania (the Afghan (Pashtun) areas in the Northwest Frontier Province), K for Kashmir, S for Sindh and tan for Balochistan. The name ' Pakistan' ( IPA: ) means 'Land of the Pure' in Urdu and Persian. Pakistan is a declared nuclear weapons state. Since independence, Pakistan has experienced times of significant military and economic growth, and periods of instability, with the secession of East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh). The region was invaded by Persians, Greeks, Arabs, Turks, Mongols, Afghans, and was incorporated into the British Raj in the nineteenth century. It was established as a modern state in 1947, as one of the two parts of the partitioned British India, but the region has a long history of settlement and civilisation including the Indus Valley Civilisation. Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world and is the second most populous Muslim country. It has a thousand-kilometre coastline along the Arabian Sea in the south and borders Afghanistan and Iran to the west, India to the east and the People's Republic of China in the far northeast. Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( Urdu: Ш§ШіЩ„Ш§Щ…ЫЊ Ш¬Щ…ЫЃЩ€Ш±ЫЊЫ‚ ЩѕШ§Ъ©ШіШЄШ§Щ†вЂЋ), is a country located in South Asia.

Pakistan qaumi tarana urdu